A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsarin kudi na Spain ya yi amfani da shi sosai Sabuwar Ka'idar Kyakkyawan Ayyuka don rage nauyin jinginar gida daga cikin gidajen da aka fi fuskantar hauhawar riba. Tsakanin 2022 da 2024, ƙungiyoyin sun aiwatar da kusan ma'amaloli 7.500 a ƙarƙashin wannan tsarin tsari, tare da adadin kusan Euro miliyan 860.
Wannan bayanai sun fito ne daga rahoton "Gudunmawar da bangaren banki ke bayarwa wajen bunkasar tattalin arziki da ci gaban al'umma"Ƙungiyoyin banki AEB, CECA da Unacc ne suka shirya, takardar ta mayar da hankali kan yadda waɗannan ƙayyadaddun lambobi suka zama hanyar aminci ga iyalai a cikin yanayi masu rauni, musamman a yanayin hauhawar farashin Euribor da ƙarin kuɗi masu tsada.
Menene Ka'idar Kyawawan Ayyuka kuma wa ke karewa?
Binciken ya lura cewa a Spain, nau'i biyu na Ƙididdiga na Kyau da nufin rancen jinginar gida tare da matsalolin biyan kuɗi. An amince da na farko a cikin 2012, a tsakiyar rikicin kuɗi, kuma an sabunta shi a cikin 2022; na biyu an ƙaddamar da shi daidai a cikin 2022, a cikin yanayin da ke nuna hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma saurin hauhawar farashin ribar hukuma.
El 2012 code Yana nufin waɗanda ke kan abin da ake kira "ƙasar keɓancewa," wato, gidaje masu wahala wajen biyan kuɗin jinginar su a gidansu na farko. Babban manufarsa ita ce ba da damar a mai yuwuwar sake fasalin bashi mai goyan bayata yadda kason ya kusanci a jinginar gida mai zato ga kowane iyali.
Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata, kuma bin bitar yanayin sa a cikin 2022, wannan tsarin ya ba da damar hakan. Kusan iyalai 70.000 sun sake yin shawarwarin lamunin su tare da bankin ku. A aikace, wannan yana fassara zuwa dogon sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi, daidaita ƙimar riba, ko canje-canje cikin sharuɗɗan don sauƙaƙa matsa lamba na wata-wata.
El An amince da code a cikin 2022Wannan fakiti na biyu na matakan, a halin da ake ciki, yana yin hari ga masu bin bashi da aka yi la'akari da su cikin haɗarin rauni, wani nau'i mai faɗi kaɗan fiye da matakin keɓewa. Ya rage mayar da hankali kan zurfin sake fasalin da ƙari akan bayarwa Sauƙaƙe don daidaita jinginar gida zuwa yanayin ƙimar riba mai yawa.
Zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi la'akari sun haɗa da canjawa daga m zuwa ƙayyadaddun jinginar gidaje da yuwuwar biyan cikakken ko wani ɓangare na lamuni masu sauye-sauye ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suna nufin iyakance ficewar gidaje ga haɓakar Euribor na gaba, tare da ba su damar yin biyan gaba lokacin da kuɗin kuɗin su ya ba da izini.
Ma'amaloli 7.500 da miliyan 860 a ƙarƙashin sabon tsarin
Bisa alkalumman da AEB, CECA da Unacc suka tattara, tsakanin 2022 zuwa 2024 cibiyoyin kudi sun gudanar da wasu. Ayyuka 7.500 da ke bin sabon Ka'idar Kyawun AyyukaJimlar farashin waÉ—annan ayyukan yana kusa 860 miliyan kudin Tarayyar TuraiWannan yana ba da ra'ayi game da adadin jinginar gidaje da aka gyara ko sake sake kuÉ—aÉ—e a cikin wannan tsarin.
Waɗannan ayyukan ba su iyakance ga nau'in ma'auni ɗaya ba: suna fitowa daga sake yin shawarwari na kashi-kashi da sharudda Wannan ya haɗa da canje-canje ga ƙimar riba da aka yi amfani da su ko kuma amortizations mara hukunci. Alamar gama gari ita ce duk ana aiwatar da su a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa da kariyar da aka ƙulla a cikin lambobin, waɗanda ke kafa ka'idojin samun dama da jagororin tabbatar da daidaiton jiyya.
Ƙungiyoyin banki sun jaddada cewa an mayar da hankali kan amfani da waɗannan lambobin yayin lokacin mafi girman haɓakar kuɗin kuɗi. Duk da haka, sun nace cewa Hanyar tana nan. ga waɗanda suka cika ƙaƙƙarfan rashin ƙarfi ko buƙatun haɗari kuma suna buƙatar hutu akan jinginar su.
Cikin sharuddan jimlar tasiriWadannan ayyuka 7.500 ban da ayyukan tarihin shiga tsakani na asali code, wanda tun 2012 ya riga ya taimaki dubun-dubatar iyalai su ceci mazauninsu na farko ko kuma ci gaba da biyan su a matakan da za a iya sarrafawa.
Rahoton na masu daukar ma’aikata ya nuna cewa wadannan alkaluma na iya zama ba su yi daidai da duk yarjejeniyoyin da aka kulla tsakanin bankuna da abokan hulda ba, domin galibi ana tattaunawa da su. daidaitattun mafita a waje da tsari na yau da kullun na lambobin, amma a cikin layi tare da ruhin su na kare bashi mai rauni.
Matsayin ECB da Euribor wajen haifar da matakan
Yaɗuwar ɗaukar waɗannan kayan aikin daga Nuwamba 2022 gaba an bayyana shi da yawa ta hanyar saurin matsawa a cikin manufofin kuɗi na Babban Bankin Turai (ECB)Don ɗaukar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a cikin shekaru goma masu yawa, hukumar ta ƙaddamar da hauhawar farashin ribar hukuma cikin sauri, wanda ya yi tasiri nan take kan farashin jinginar gidaje masu canzawa.
A shekarar 2022, da Euribor na watanni 12 ya tashi daga ƙima mara kyau zuwa sama da 2%. a cikin 'yan watanni. Wannan tsalle ya haifar da sake fasalin biyan kuɗin jinginar gida ga miliyoyin gidaje na Mutanen Espanya waɗanda rancen ke da alaƙa da wannan fihirisar.
Haɓaka haɓaka ya ci gaba kuma, zuwa 2023, Euribor ya kai kusa 4%Wannan ya haifar da yanayi mai neman kuɗi ga iyalai. Tasirin ya kasance sananne musamman a tsakanin masu riko da rancen kuɗi masu ƙarancin kuɗi, waɗanda suka ga biyan su na wata-wata yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Idan aka fuskanci wannan lamarin, gwamnati da hukumomin kudi sun amince Ƙarfafa da faɗaɗa Ka'idodin Kyawawan Ayyuka don bayar da hanyar tsaro ga masu bashi mafi rauni. A cikin wannan mahallin ne aka inganta amfani da sabuwar lambar ta 2022, wanda ya cika wanda ake da shi daga 2012.
Matakan da aka amince sun hada da daskarewar ƙididdiga na wucin gadi kama daga zurfafa gyare-gyaren bashi zuwa zaɓi na canza lamunin ƙima zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙima don samun kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci. Abin da aka fi ba da fifiko shi ne a hana hauhawar farashin ruwa daga fassara zuwa wani gagarumin karuwa na rashin daidaituwa da tabarbarewar yanayin zamantakewa na gidaje masu rauni.
Rage nauyin kuÉ—i akan gidaje
Bayan adadin takamaiman ma'amaloli, ƙungiyoyin banki suna jaddada juyin halitta na maɓalli mai mahimmanci: adadin gidaje masu alaƙa. nauyin kudi yayi la'akari da girmaA cewar rahoton, tsakanin 2022 da 2024 wannan kashi zai ragu daga 4,6% zuwa 4,1%.
Ragewar ya fi fitowa fili a bangaren yawan jama'a tare da ƙananan kudin shigaA cikin mafi ƙarancin kuɗin shiga quntile, adadin iyalai masu nauyin kuɗi mai yawa zai ragu daga kusan 12% zuwa ƙasa da 10% a cikin lokaci guda da aka bincika.
Ƙungiyoyin banki suna danganta wannan ci gaban zuwa ga haɗakar abubuwa: a gefe guda, da kai tsaye tasirin ayyukan da lambobin ke rufe, wanda ke rage nauyin kowane wata a kan gidaje masu fama; a gefe guda kuma, yanayin tattalin arziki na macroeconomic wanda, duk da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da hauhawar riba, ya nuna juriya ta fuskar aiki da aiki.
Ko ta yaya, rahoton ya jaddada cewa manufar wadannan hanyoyin ita ce kauce wa yanayin rashin dorewa fiye da kimawanda zai iya haifar da cikas ko asarar gidaje. Don haka, matakan sun fi mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyoyin da suka cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin rauni.
Bangaren kuÉ—i yana jayayya cewa aikace-aikacen lambobin ya ba da gudummawa daidaita tasirin zamantakewa na hauhawar farashin ruwa a Spain, sabanin al'amuran da suka faru a baya wanda cibiyar tsaro ta cibiyoyi ta kasance karami kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya ragu sosai kan masu bin bashi.
Yin la'akari da duka lambobin 2012 da 2022, saitin ayyuka yana nuna a ƙara amfani da kayan aikin agajin jinginar gida wanda, a cewar ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, ya taimaka wajen daidaita gyare-gyare da kuma kiyaye tsarin banki da iyalai a cikin daidaiton matsayi.
Kwarewar waɗannan Ma'amaloli 7.500 da ke da alaƙa da sabon Code of Good PracticesWadannan alkalumman, da aka kara wa kusan iyalai 70.000 da suka sake yin shawarwarin jinginar gidaje tun daga shekarar 2012, sun zana hoton inda takamaiman ka'idoji da hadin gwiwa tsakanin bankuna da gwamnatoci suka zama mabuɗin gudanar da lokutan matsalolin kuɗi da kuma ba da hanyar fita ga masu bi bashi cikin wahala ba tare da yin amfani da hanyoyin warware matsalar ba.
